Neighboring rights is a type of royalty that the Record Label is able to collect on behalf of the Artist. This type of royalty has appeared since performing* Artists should also be compensated for their performance with the sound recording, just like the composer does for the use of the composition. The interpretation differs between North America and Europe and there is no independent treaty that covers this type of royalties. Therefore it's picking the parts from existing copyright and author laws hence the term Neighbouring.